In this term paper, you are tasked with conducting an in-depth comparative analysis of two criminological theories that have been covered in this course. Your analysis should demonstrate a critical understanding of the theories' key principles, underlying assumptions, and implications for understanding and addressing crime. Choose two theories from the course material and clearly articulate the key tenets of each theory. Compare their similarities in explaining criminal behavior, identifying shared assumptions or conceptual overlaps. Contrast their differences, including how each theory addresses causation, policy implications, and methodological approaches. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each theory in explaining crime and guiding criminal justice practices. Use examples or case studies to support your arguments. Discuss how the selected theories can be applied to contemporary issues in criminology, such as juvenile delinquency, white-collar crime, or urban violence. Highlight which theory is most effective in explaining crime.
The Term Paper Assignment will consist of at least 15 double-spaced pages (excluding title page, references, figures, illustrations, or other extraneous elements outside the main body of the paper). Students will format their paper using 12-point Times New Roman font and one-inch margins. Students will use at least 15 scholarly references (Wikipedia or blogs CANNOT be used as a reference). APA 7th Edition guidelines are to be followed. The structure of the assignment must include the following sections and mandatory headings:
- Title Page
- Abstract
- Introduction (including thesis statement)
- Brief Overview of Selected Theories
- Comparative Analysis
- Critical Evaluation
- Application of Theories
- Conclusion
- References
THEORIES SELECTED:
Strain Theory, developed by Robert Merton, argues that individuals engage in criminal behavior when they experience a disconnect between societal goals and the legitimate means to achieve them. When people are unable to achieve success through accepted avenues (such as education or employment), they may resort to deviant behavior as an alternative way to reach those goals.
Labeling Theory, on the other hand, focuses on how societal reactions and labels contribute to continued criminal behavior. According to this theory, once a person is labeled as “deviant” or “criminal,” they may internalize that identity and continue engaging in crime, not because of initial motivations, but because of how society now treats and views them.
Relevant Topics for Comparative Analysis:
1. Root Causes of Crime: Strain Theory emphasizes structural pressures and economic inequality, while Labeling Theory focuses on social interaction and the effects of stigmatization.
2. Initial vs. Continued Criminal Behavior: Strain Theory is more focused on why individuals initiate crime, whereas Labeling Theory provides insight into recidivism and sustained deviance.
3. Policy Implications: Comparing how each theory suggests different crime prevention strategies—e.g., reducing social inequality (Strain) vs. reforming the justice system and minimizing labeling (Labeling).
4. Individual vs. Societal Focus: Strain Theory leans toward societal structures and macro-level causes, while Labeling Theory emphasizes micro-level interactions and the role of institutions.
5. Empirical Support and Criticisms: Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each theory based on research and real-world applications.
Remember to cite sources using APA format, please use scholarly sources and include Cullen, F., Agnew, R., & Wilcox, P. (2021). Criminological Theory, 7th Edition in sources.